Seizures are essentially abnormal sudden surges of electrical activity of the brain, in part, or, overall, they disrupt normal function. These abnormal electrical activities in the brain can lead to various behavioural and mental manifestations, including frank convulsions. Seizures can have multiple causes, including familial tendencies, birth trauma, prematurity, meningitis, encephalitis, and, head injuries. Other underlying medical conditions can also be contributing in provoking an “episode”. When seizures are recurrent, it is then called Epilepsy (or as having a seizure disorder).
Seizure management can be challenging due to their unpredictability and their potential for physical harm and mental distress. They can limit your daily activities and affect driving and work. They require proper medication choice and dosing. They may result in injuries, fatigue, anxiety, and even decreased self-esteem, memory, and concentration issues, thus limiting independence and leading to social isolation. Overall uncontrolled, seizures greatly hinder daily functioning, causing disruptions in various aspects of life. But it does not have to be that way! Good control may allow a near normal life most of the time.
Involve abnormal electrical activity throughout the brain, either at its onset or subsequently.
Often causes loss of consciousness and generalized convulsions.
Includes absence seizures, Petit Mal- tonic-clonic seizures, and atonic seizures.
Begin in a specific brain area, causing various symptoms depending on the region affected.
Motor and non-motor symptoms may be present.
It can be classified as simple (no loss of awareness) or impaired awareness (complex partial) seizures. Do not cause loss of consciousness.
Resulting in a sudden or subsequent loss of awareness regarding surroundings.
May involve repetitive movements or automatisms.
Can cause confusion, unresponsiveness, or staring spells.
It may cause localized sensory or motor symptoms, such as tingling, jerking, or hallucinations.
Awareness remains intact during these seizures.
Symptoms of seizures may vary depending on the type and severity. Here are the key symptoms to be aware of:
Aura: Some people experience a warning sign or sensation before a seizure, known as an aura. This can include feelings of fear, déjà vu, strange smells, or visual disturbances.
Loss of Consciousness: In generalized seizures, there is often a loss of consciousness. The person may collapse and become unresponsive.
Muscle Rigidity: The tonic phase involves muscle stiffness or rigidity. The person may fall and experience tense muscles.
Convulsions: The clonic phase involves rhythmic jerking movements of the limbs. These convulsions can be intense and may last for a few minutes.
Absence Seizures: Common in children, absence seizures involve a brief loss of awareness or staring into space. The person may not remember the episode afterward.
Automatisms: In complex partial seizures, individuals may perform repetitive, involuntary movements such as lip-smacking, chewing, or fidgeting.
Confusion: After a seizure, a person may feel confused, tired, or disoriented. This is referred to as the postictal state.
Unusual Sensations: Some seizures can cause unusual sensations, such as tingling, numbness, or a sense of detachment.
Identifying triggers and underlying factors contributing to seizures is essential for effective management. Common triggers include:
Lack of Sleep: Sleep deprivation can lower the seizure threshold, making seizures more likely.
Stress: Emotional stress and anxiety can be triggers for some individuals.
Flashing Lights: In photosensitive epilepsy, exposure to flashing or flickering lights can provoke seizures.
Alcohol and Drug Use: Excessive alcohol consumption and certain drugs can increase the risk of seizures.
Missed Medications: For individuals with epilepsy, missing prescribed antiepileptic medications can trigger seizures.
Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those during menstruation or pregnancy, can influence seizure activity.
While it may not be possible to prevent seizures completely, there are several practical strategies and lifestyle modifications that can help reduce their type, frequency, and severity. Here are some of the tips:
Take Your Medication:
Follow your doctor's instructions for your seizure medication.
Don't stop taking medicine without your doctor's approval.
No Alcohol:
People with epilepsy should avoid alcohol to reduce the risk of seizures.
Manage Stress:
Stress can trigger seizures, so find ways to relax:
Get enough sleep.
Exercise regularly.
Sleep Regularly:
Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
Eat Regularly:
Keep a consistent meal schedule to prevent seizures caused by low blood sugar.
Avoid Flashing Lights:
If you have photosensitive epilepsy:
Steer clear of flashing lights and patterns.
Cover your eyes if suddenly exposed to prevent seizures.
Prevent Head Injuries:
Wear a helmet for activities like biking and sports to avoid head injuries.
Reduce the risks of falls.
Watch for Fevers:
Some young children may have seizures with high fevers.
Be aware if your child is at risk and seek medical advice if needed.
Seizure First Aid; Here are things you can do to help someone who is having a seizure:
Ease the person to the safety, usually the floor.
Clear the area around the person of anything hard or sharp. This can prevent injury.
Turn the person gently onto one side. This will help the person breathe and more easily expel mucus foam.
Put something soft and flat, like a folded jacket, under his or her head.
Remove eyeglasses.
Loosen ties or anything around the neck that may make it hard to breathe.
Time the seizure. Call 911 if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.
*Do Not Put Anything In The Victim’s Mouth
If you experience any of the following, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider immediately:
Experiencing a new type of seizure or a significant change in seizure patterns.
Your current treatment plan needs to be more effectively controlling your seizures.
Experiencing severe side effects from your medications.
Considering alternative therapies and want guidance on their safety and effectiveness.
When seizures significantly impact your quality of life or ability to perform daily activities.
Seizure management involves medical treatments, lifestyle changes, and ongoing support. Follow guidelines, seek professional help, and collaborate with healthcare providers like Michigan Neurology Associates & Pain Consultants to develop a personalized plan that addresses individual needs and goals. With the right approach and support, we make it possible to manage seizures effectively and lead a fulfilling life. Contact us at Michigan Neurology Associates & Pain Consultants for expert and compassionate care to enhance well-being. Call us at (586) 445-9900 today to schedule an appointment.
